Abstract Background: The increase in the zoonotic epidemic of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis, which started in the late 1990s in Rio de Janeiro and is now found in almost all Brazilian states, has been equally advancing in neighboring countries of Brazil. Changes in the clinical-epidemiological profile, advances in the laboratory diagnosis of the disease, and therapeutic difficulties have been observed throughout these almost 25 years of the epidemic, although there is no national consensus. The last international guideline dates from 2007. Objectives: Update the clinical classification, diagnostic methods and recommendations on the therapeutic management of patients with sporotrichosis. Methods: Twelve experts in human sporotrichosis were selected from different Brazilian regions, and divided into three work groups: clinical, diagnosis and treatment. The bibliographic research was carried out on the EBSCOHost platform. Meetings took place via electronic mail and remote/face-to-face and hybrid settings, resulting in a questionnaire which pointed out 13 divergences, resolved based on the opinion of the majority of the participants. Results: The clinical classification and laboratory diagnosis were updated. Therapeutic recommendations were made for the different clinical forms. Conclusions: Publication of the first national recommendation, carried out by the Brazilian Society of Dermatology, aimed at the Brazilian scientific community, especially dermatologists, infectologists, pediatricians, family medicine personnel, and laboratory professionals who work in the management of human sporotrichosis.

Este relato tem por objetivo fazer o primeiro registro de morcego hematófago (Desmodus rotundus) infectado com o vírus da raiva, encontrado em área urbana de um município do Brasil e, até onde os autores têm conhecimento, na América Latina. Um munícipe de Ubatuba, São Paulo, solicitou a visita da equipe do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses em sua residência, após ter encontrado um morcego em seu quintal, às 10:00 horas da manhã. No mesmo dia o animal foi recolhido, ainda vivo, para ser encaminhado ao Laboratório do Instituto Pasteur. No Laboratório foi feita a identificação do espécime, Desmodus rotundus, e realizadas as provas clássicas para diagnóstico da raiva (Imunofluorescência Direta e Isolamento Viral), que resultaram positivas. A identificação de diferentes espécies de morcegos em áreas urbanas, predominantemente espécies insetívoras, representa um sério problema para a saúde pública. Este caso, no entanto, por tratar-se de espécie com hábitos hematofágicos, indica um risco ainda maior, tendo em vista a baixa reserva energética destes animais e a necessidade que têm de se alimentarem diariamente

The purpose of this report is to record the first case of a hematophagous bat (Desmodus rotundus) infected with rabies virus in an urban area in Brazil. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first such case in Latin America. After discovering a bat in his garden at 10 o'clock in the morning, a resident of Ubatuba municipality asked the Zoonosis Control Center team to visit his home. The animal was caught alive on the same day and sent to the Pasteur Institute laboratory, where it was identified as a Desmodus rotundus specimen. Standard tests for rabies diagnosis were carried out (direct immunofluorescence and viral isolation), and the results were positive. The presence of different species of (primarily insectivorous) bats in urban areas represents a serious public health problem. This case, however, is indicative of a much greater risk because the species in question has hematophagous habits, what means this animals has a low energy reserves and, therefore, its need to feed daily.